جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 Al-Ḥajjājī’s Linguistic Role in Shaping the Image of al-Muntaqim (al-Baṭsh) in the Holy Qur’an (Surah al-Burūj) Based on Michel Meyer’s Theory of Argumentation الدور الحجاجي للغة في تشکیل صورة المتلقي (الباتوس) في القرآن الکریم على ضوء نظرية ميشال مایير سورة البروج نموذجا 1 14 30812 10.22108/rall.2025.145955.1603 AR عزت ملاابراهيمي أستاذة في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة طهران، طهران، إيران بایزید تاند حاصل على الدكتوراه في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة طهران، طهران، إيران Journal Article 2025 07 13 Argumentation, as a rhetorical practice, is grounded in logical reasoning and emotional appeal, aiming to motivate the recipient to modify behavior or reorient attitudes and emotions. Depending on its purpose, argumentation seeks influence through scientific theories, philosophical concepts, or religious principles in order to either promote or discredit particular ideas. One of the central dimensions of argumentation is pathos, which operates through emotional stimulation and affective engagement. In this sense, pathos targets the recipient directly, employing linguistic and rhetorical means capable of arousing emotions such as fear, compassion, anger, hatred, or hope, thereby enhancing the persuasive force of discourse. Argumentation represents a powerful manifestation of effective communicative practice, involving the deliberate choice between linguistic norm and deviation. Deviation—whether figurative, rhythmic, or linguistic—possesses a remarkable capacity to render meaning vivid, compelling, and persuasive. Consequently, deviation derives its persuasive strength from its integration within argumentative discourse. From another perspective, argumentation may be defined as the defense of an idea through persuasive and convincing reasoning. As a central concern of pragmatics, argumentation emerges from speech act theory, whose foundations were established by Austin and Searle. All argumentative discourse is characterized by intentionality, agency, and influence, employing diverse mechanisms to shape the recipient’s response. Argumentation functions as a cognitive strategy for defending a position, persuading an interlocutor, refuting opposing views, or neutralizing dissent. In this framework, arguments consist of evidence and proofs, while coercion and violence fall outside the domain of argumentation. Rather, argumentation relies on communicative techniques that invite acceptance, understanding, and engagement with meaning. Engaging with the Holy Qur’an and reflecting upon its meanings constitutes an inexhaustible and ever-renewing endeavor. As a divine message addressed to all humanity across time and space, the Qur’an represents the most comprehensive form of discourse, combining intellectual, psychological, and argumentative dimensions. Quranic discourse is inherently dialogical and relies on sophisticated linguistic strategies to achieve persuasion and guidance. Addressing diverse audiences and situational contexts, it seeks to reshape concepts, reform attitudes, and cultivate ethical awareness. Consequently, its linguistic structure—rooted in argumentation and authoritative discourse—occupies a central position in its communicative effectiveness. Surah al-Burūj, in particular, exhibits a rich argumentative texture shaped by its varied contexts and thematic progression. Within Michel Meyer’s theory of argumentation, special emphasis is placed on the speaker as a figure endowed with knowledge, certainty, and psychological authority. This perspective highlights the necessity of influencing the listener and consolidating emotional and affective responses. Accordingly, this study focuses on a set of argumentative mechanisms grounded in pathos as employed in Surah al-Burūj, with particular attention to indirect linguistic devices that play a crucial role in evoking emotional response and revealing layers of meaning beyond the surface structure of language. The present research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, examining the Qur’anic text through the lens of Michel Meyer’s theory of argumentation. This theoretical framework reveals a discourse in which emotions and spiritual sensibilities interact dynamically with the evolving psychological states of recipients across varying contexts and rhetorical relationships. The study seeks to demonstrate the expansion of argumentation beyond purely logical reasoning to include emotional and affective dimensions. It highlights the harmony and complementarity between logical and emotional argumentation, as shaped by contextual factors and a shared cognitive and ethical framework linking ethos and pathos. The research arrives at several key conclusions: Surah al-Burūj was revealed as a warning to those who persecuted the Prophet and his companions, intensifying their hostility toward him. Simultaneously, it functions as a source of reassurance and consolation for believers. Argumentative techniques grounded in emotional reasoning play a central role in achieving this persuasive objective, particularly through the construction of argumentative ladders in the narrative of the People of the Ditch and the injustice inflicted upon them. The Qur’anic narrative—exemplified by the story of the People of the Ditch—serves as an effective mode of argumentation through comparison and analogy. It functions as a persuasive and influential method that conveys wisdom and moral guidance in a calm, gentle, and convincing manner, far removed from violence or harsh rhetoric. The verses of encouragement and warning in this surah display a profound engagement with argumentation and proof. While some verses rely more heavily on emotional appeal than rational demonstration, they collectively reveal the perfection of divine mercy and retribution. This perfection is manifested in God’s boundless mercy and absolute power. The concluding verses of the surah operate as decisive arguments reinforcing earlier themes, emphasizing God’s ability to punish His enemies and to resurrect the dead. Moreover, the dialogical relationship between question and answer within the surah draws the reader into a deeper comprehension of its intended message and ultimate purpose. الحجاج، كأسلوب من أساليب البيان، ينبني علی الاستدلال العقلي والتأثير العاطفي، لدفع المتلقي إلى تعديل سلوكه أو طغيان عواطفه. فهو، وفق مقصديته، يريد الوقع والتأثير منبعثاً من نظريات علمية أو مفاهيم فلسفية أو دينية، لتقبيح فكرة خاصة أو تحسينها. تتبدّى إستراتيجية الباتوس فيما يهدف النص من الوقع والإثارة العاطفية في النفوس، كمعادلة من المعادلات الحجاجية. بناء علی هذا، يختصّ بالباتوس أو حجج المتلقي للسامعين، أي توظيف كل ما من شأنه أن يحرّك مشاعر المتلقي وميوله، وهو فعل التأثير أو مجموعة انفعالات، کرحمة، وكراهية، وغضب، وخوف، وغیرها التي يرغب الخطيب في إثارتها لدی المستمعين. وذلك في ضوء مقاربة تطبيقية للآيات التي وردت في سورة البروج، وفق نظرية ميشال مايير التي تكشف منها نصاً، تتفاعل معه العواطف والمشاعر الروحية التي تتجدد بتجدد نفسيات المتلقين عبر المقامات والعلاقات الخطابية. ولذلك، نجد توظيف كثير من الآليات الحجاجية، واللغوية، والبلاغية، وغیرها في هذه السورة، بغرض التأثير على المتلقين وحملهم على الاستمالة والامتثال لما في الأسلوب الحجاجي من تجسيد الحالات والمقامات والسلوكات المختلفة التي تحرّك عواطفهم. واتّبعنا في کتابة هذا البحث، المنهج الوصفي ـ التحلیلي الذي یقوم علی تحلیل النص، وفق نظریة میشال مایير. توصل البحث إلى عدد من النتائج، منها أن القسم في هذه السورة وسيلة لغرس فكرة التشجيع والتشويق في النفوس، وتشجیع المتلقي على أخذ فكرة الانتقام وتحقيق الحق بفحواه؛ لذلك، جاء القسم كالحجة والبرهان على دعواه بمظاهر شعورية عاطفية، وأنّ ألوان الصور الجمالية الواردة في هذه السورة تتناسب مع مقصودية الخطاب، وتعدّ من أهمّ طرق الاستدلال والمحاجّة في سبيل الوصول إلى الإقناع واستمالة المتلقي.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30812_d37aaee0a6a244694e1320ecafa046d8.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 A Study of Justification Tactics in the Political Discourses of Imam Ali (AS) دراسة الإستراتيجيات التوجيهية في خطابات الإمام علي() السياسية 15 30 30813 10.22108/rall.2025.145389.1595 AR هوشنگ آقایی انارمرزی أستاذ محاضر في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة مازندران، بابلسر، إيران مهدی شاهرخ أستاذ مشارك في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة بجامعة مازندران، بابلسر، إيران حسن گودرزی لمراسکی أستاذ مشارك في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة مازندران، بابلسر، إيران Journal Article 2025 06 10 Linguistic interaction seeks to demonstrate that political behavior within the society is shaped by distinctive rhetorical patterns and that purposeful linguistic communication—both independently and in conjunction with communicative values—is designed through diverse political tactics that merit scholarly investigation. The linguistic structures employed by Imam Ali (peace be upon him) aim to realize the practical objectives of discourse through communicative competence. Since the methodology of any discourse is inherently grounded in linguistic structures, a speaker may, in certain contexts, deviate from conventional norms and common styles, adopting innovative rhetorical approaches to guide, enlighten, and align the audience’s thought processes through linguistic techniques and verbal reasoning. Within political contexts, Imam Ali (AS) makes use of a wide range of linguistic capacities, including commands, prohibitions, interrogatives, and other directive forms. Political dominance within Imam Ali’s linguistic structures serves both functional and illustrative purposes, exerting profound psychological and linguistic influence on the audience. He employs all available linguistic tools to direct his interlocutors toward their material and spiritual interests, striving to achieve his elevated objectives through diverse strategies and effective interactive mechanisms. These rhetorical and linguistic devices are clearly manifested in most of his sermons and letters, wherein he extensively utilizes linguistic functions and roles. An examination of these texts reveals that Imam Ali (AS) consistently adopts directive strategies to orient audiences toward beneficial outcomes, relying on a set of tools and mechanisms that enable the successful realization of this strategy. Using a descriptive–analytical methodology, the present study examines the components of political language and discourse analysis in Imam Ali’s sermons and letters, interpreting the speaker’s mindset within linguistic contexts based on established linguistic criteria. Accordingly, the research addresses the following two research questions: How does Imam Ali (AS) employ linguistic dominance and analytical power in political discourse? In what ways does Imam Ali (AS) utilize directive strategies to enhance the communicative process between speaker and audience? A review of previous studies on discourse strategies indicates that no independent research has addressed this topic comprehensively at the level of books, theses, or peer-reviewed articles. However, some related works are noteworthy, including: A master’s thesis entitled “Solidarity, Directive, and Allusive Strategies in Imam Ali’s Political and Social Discourses in Nahj al-Balagha” by Khosro Janqorban (University of Kashan, 2023), which focuses primarily on the directive strategy and analyzes persuasion processes and rhetorical elements in Imam Ali’s sermons. A study entitled “Examining the Directive Strategy in Imam Ali’s Discourse: The Letter to Uthman ibn Hunayf as a Case Study” by Janqorban, Rasoul-Nia, and Sayyadi-Nejad, published in the Nahj al-Balagha Research Journal (2022), which examines three rhetorical strategies: solidarity, directive, and allusion. An overview of the existing literature reveals that no independent study has specifically examined the political dimension of Imam Ali’s discourse. Thus, the present research offers a novel contribution in this regard. Moreover, the enduring public interest in political and religious sermons—particularly the eloquent words of the Commander of the Faithful (AS)—further underscores the significance of this study. Accordingly, this research seeks to analyze the semantic foundations of Imam Ali’s political discourse through a detailed examination of its linguistic and rhetorical components. This study employs a descriptive–analytical approach grounded in library-based research. The descriptive method is used to outline the theoretical framework, while the analytical method identifies and examines manifestations of directive strategies in Imam Ali’s sermons and letters. Directive strategy refers to a communicative process whereby the speaker deliberately conveys intended meanings and mental concepts through the careful selection of vocabulary and rhetorical style, thereby achieving strategic effectiveness through linguistic competence and communicative skill. Within this framework, the use of performative verbs—such as commands and prohibitions—constitutes the most influential communicative tools shaping audience response. Command: In Sermon 11, Imam Ali (AS) instructs his son Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya on key principles of warfare, emphasizing psychological and physical factors that strengthen a Muslim soldier’s courage and preparedness. Here, directive strategy is realized through direct and indirect imperatives, particles, and expressions of obligation that motivate and guide the audience. Prohibition: In Letter 12 addressed to his military commanders, Imam Ali (AS) begins with counsel on piety and virtue, employing prohibitive forms such as do not fight, do not march, and do not approach. These directives emphasize restraint, adherence to ethical rules of warfare, preservation of life, and justice—even in hostility—while leaving space for repentance and reconciliation. Warning and Encouragement: In Sermon 182, Imam Ali (AS) calls upon the people to confront the enemy, using powerful expressions to instill responsibility and readiness for jihad. Through emphatic repetition (e.g., jihad, jihad!), he motivates and energizes the audience. Exhortation: In Letter 28 to Muʿawiya, Imam Ali (AS) recalls the virtues of the martyrs among the Muhajirun and Ansar, employing rhetorical expressions such as Do you not see… to underscore their honor and encourage righteous conduct. Vocative: In Sermon 71, Imam Ali (AS) addresses the people of Iraq with the vocative O people of Iraq, rebuking them for abandoning battle at the threshold of victory and urging them toward sound political and historical judgment. Conditional: In Sermon 16, Imam Ali (AS) employs conditional structures (If falsehood prevails… If truth diminishes…) to emphasize the inevitability of consequences and stimulate decisive action. Interrogative: In Sermon 171, during preparations for the Battle of Siffin, Imam Ali (AS) poses rhetorical questions—Where is the defender of honor? Where is the one who rises when truths descend? —to awaken moral consciousness and inspire courage. Given the significance and impact of directive strategies on audiences, Imam Ali (AS) employed this communicative approach more frequently than other linguistic strategies such as solidarity or allusion. He relied extensively on commands and prohibitions to deepen, accelerate, and facilitate political discourse, as their authoritative nature proved particularly effective in guiding audiences. Organized through specific linguistic tools, directive strategies functioned as systematic mechanisms within his sermons to establish political authority and orient listeners. Moderation and balance constitute central principles in Islamic governance. Accordingly, Imam Ali (AS) emphasized commands and prohibitions as communicative strategies aimed at awakening awareness among his audience. Through carefully designed linguistic and rhetorical frameworks, he effectively addressed social, political, and cultural challenges, harnessing the power of language—especially political discourse—to guide, regulate, and elevate the society. ترتبط اللغة والخطاب ارتباطاً وثيقاً بالسلطة، وهما بمثابة حاجز أمامها ونقطة انطلاق لتبنّي إستراتيجية مناسبة. إنّ الجماعات السلطوية والقادة الفكريين والسياسيين في المجتمع يستفيدون اللغة کأداة للتوجيه، بما يتماشى مع المصالح السياسية؛ لهذا السبب، يلجأ المتحدّثون إلى النماذج اللفظية في عملية الخطاب، لتحقيق عملية التواصل على أفضل وجه. يرتبط استخدام الإستراتيجيات اللغوية المتنوعة ارتباطاً وثيقاً بأهداف عملية الخطاب مع المستمعين. تهتمّ الخطابات الدينية بكافّة الجوانب الفردية والاجتماعية للمتلقّي، وتقدّم حلاً ميدانياً، يقع شرحه وتنفيذه على عاتق قادة المجتمع. يسعى هذا البحث، على ضوء المنهج الوصفي ـ التحليلي، إلى دراسة الإستراتيجيات التوجیهیة في الخطابات السياسية للإمام علي (8). تدلّ نتائج هذا البحث على أنّ الإمام (8)، من خلال الإدارة السلوكية واتخاذ الإستراتيجيات المناسبة، يقدّم العالم نموذجاً مقنناً في السياسة والتفاعلات اللغوية. من أجل تنفيذ الأهداف وهدایة المتلقّي من خلال ترميز الکفاءة النحوية والمعجمية للغة، فقد قام بفكّ رموز أفعاله تفکيکاً منطقياً، ليدير مساحة التفاعلات اللغوية إدارة لفظية، وفقاً لمعرفة الطرفين. نظراً إلى الإستراتيجيات اللغوية في خطب الإمام (8)، السياسية وطريقة تواصله مع الجمهور، تبيّن أنّ الخطيب قد أعطى جدية خاصة لخطاباته، من أجل تذكير الآخرين بأهميتها وقيمتها.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30813_76ee09dd6e705acf4c79297137c35054.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 The Argumentative Strategies of Silence in Wafaa Abdel Razzaq's The Lovers' Oath حجاجیة إستراتیجیات الصمت في دیوان "قَسَمُ العُشَّاق" لوفاء عبد الرزاق 31 46 30356 10.22108/rall.2025.146019.1605 AR رسول بلاوي أستاذ في قسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة شهید تشمران أهواز، أهواز، إیران علي رضا پریزن طالب الماجستیر في قسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة شهید تشمران أهواز، أهواز، إیران Journal Article 2025 07 18 This study investigates the argumentative strategies of silence in Wafaa Abdel Razzaq’s poetic collection The Lovers’ Oath, highlighting how silence functions not as a linguistic void but as a semantic force that shapes meaning, intensifies emotional resonance, and deepens the communicative relationship between the poet and the reader. In contemporary rhetorical and linguistic studies, silence is increasingly viewed as a strategic component of discourse capable of carrying implicit meanings that the spoken or written word alone cannot convey. In this collection, silence emerges as a multilayered rhetorical device that activates the reader’s interpretative faculties by creating intentional gaps, pauses, and absences that require cognitive and emotional participation. Rather than representing a lack of expression, silence becomes a site of heightened meaning—an alternative language that expands the borders of poetic communication. The study investigates three principal strategies of silence that dominate the collection: sawsimatiya (the interplay of sound and silence), the interrogation of consonants, and ellipsis. Through these strategies, the poet constructs a complex network of implications that invite the reader to become an active co-producer of meaning. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology that involves meticulously tracing silent elements throughout the poetic text and examining their rhetorical function within the broader argumentative structure of the work. This methodological approach enables a detailed exploration of how silence contributes to the construction of poetic meaning and how its deliberate use transforms the reader’s engagement with the text. Silence in The Lovers’ Oath serves as an argument in itself—one that relies on the power of implication rather than explicit declaration. By creating semantic spaces requiring completion, the poet places the reader in the position of both observer and interpreter, thereby enhancing the communicative and psychological impact of the poetic message. The argument embedded in silence is neither neutral nor passive; instead, it becomes a persuasive force that shapes the reader’s emotional and intellectual response. Silence thus transcends its traditional association with absence and instead becomes an active rhetorical instrument that communicates as powerfully as articulated language. The first strategy explored in this study, sawsimatiya, reveals how the poet constructs emotional tension and meaning through the dynamic coexistence of sound and silence. This strategy does not simply alternate between speech and its absence but creates an interplay where silence enriches the spoken word by adding layers of suggestion, hesitation, or longing. The emotional experience conveyed through sawsimatiya cannot be fully captured through explicit language; rather, it emerges in the subtle shifts where the poem deliberately withholds expression, prompting the reader to infer what remains unsaid. This creates a depth of expression that makes silence an indispensable component of the poem’s semantic architecture. The interrogation of consonants, the second strategy, demonstrates how silent linguistic elements—particularly consonants that carry structural but not vocalized significance—are transformed into active conveyors of meaning. In Arabic, consonants form the backbone of the language’s semantic structure, and Abdel Razzaq skillfully employs this linguistic feature to produce silent yet potent argumentative effects. By emphasizing or manipulating consonantal patterns, she imbues silence with semantic density, turning the “unsounded” into a site of interpretive productivity. This strategy allows the poet to embed meaning in the very framework of the word, engaging the reader in a deeper reflection on how language, even in its silent components, can be mobilized to articulate emotional and intellectual states. Ellipsis, the third strategy, operates through the intentional omission of words, sentences, or ideas. This device creates open semantic spaces that the reader must fill through inference, imagination, or emotional projection. Ellipsis is particularly important in the collection because it creates a sense of suspended meaning, inviting the reader to move beyond what is explicitly presented and explore the latent possibilities embedded in silence. The strategic use of ellipsis generates curiosity, intensifies emotional resonance, and fosters a participatory relationship between the poet and the reader. Through this mechanism, silence becomes a tool that activates the reader’s internal dialogue, enhancing the poem’s communicative power. The findings of this study reveal that these three strategies collectively establish silence as a central argumentative mechanism in The Lovers’ Oath. They demonstrate how silence operates at multiple levels—phonetic, syntactic, semantic, and emotional—to construct meaning that is both implicit and deeply affective. The poet’s ability to engage the reader through silent cues underscores the sophistication of her rhetorical technique and her mastery in transforming silence into a communicative bridge. By inviting readers to complete the text, interpret its gaps, and engage with its implicit messages, Abdel Razzaq creates a collaborative process of meaning-making that enriches the reader’s experience. In conclusion, silence in The Lovers’ Oath is not merely a stylistic feature but a foundational element of the text’s argumentative and communicative structure. Its strategic use amplifies meaning, evokes emotional depth, and strengthens the relationship between the poet and the reader. The study contributes to the broader understanding of how contemporary Arabic poetry revitalizes classical rhetorical devices through innovative applications that resonate with modern expressive needs. Silence, as employed by Abdel Razzaq, emerges as a powerful medium of artistic expression that transcends linguistic boundaries and reveals the profound potential of what remains unspoken. الصمت في الخطاب الشعري یتجاوز کونه فراغاً لغویاً لیصبح عنصراً دلالیاً يحمل عمقاً وجدانياً وتأويلياً. تُستخدم إستراتيجيات الصمت كأدوات حجاجية تهدف إلى تحفيز المتلقي على التفاعل والتأمل، من خلال خلق فراغات تتطلب استكمال المعنى. هذه الإستراتيجيات تُمكّن الشاعر من توجيه الانفعال وبناء دلالات ضمنية تعزز من قوة الحجاج في النص، مما يجعل الصمت وسيلة بلاغية فعالة تسهم في تعزيز التواصل وتفعيل المعنى الشعري بشكل غير مباشر. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل أبرز إستراتيجيات الصمت في ديوان "قَسَمُ العُشَّاق" لوفاء عبد الرزاق، مع التركيز على ثلاث محاور رئيسة: الصوصمتيّة، واستنطاق الصوامت، والحذف، مع استجلاء الوظيفة التواصلية لكل منها كأداة بلاغية تساهم في إنتاج المعنى وتحفيز تفاعل المتلقي مع النص. يعتمد البحث علی المنهج الوصفي- التحليلي، حيث يتتبع بدقة إستراتيجيات الصمت المستخدمة في النصوص الشعرية، ويحلل مضامينها ووظائفها في تشكيل البناء الحجاجي للنص، مما يتيح قراءة معمقة تظهر التفاعل الجوهري بين الصمت والكتابة الشعرية في الديوان. توصل البحث إلى أن الشاعرة تستخدم ثلاث إستراتيجيات رئيسة للصمت تعزز البعد الحجاجي والتواصلي في النص، وهي الصوصمتيّة، واستنطاق الصوامت، والحذف. تعبّر الصوصمتيّة عن تجربة وجدانية عميقة بلغة غير لفظية تُفعّل التأمل الداخلي، بينما يخلق استنطاق الصوامت فراغات لغوية تتيح للقارئ المشاركة بتأويلاته، مما يثير حواراً داخلياً. كما يُستخدم الحذف لإحداث فجوات دلالية مفتوحة تحفز فضول المتلقي لاستكمال المعنى. ويسهم الصمت بوظيفة تواصلية تفعّل تفاعل القارئ مع النص، مما يجعل إستراتيجيات الصمت أدوات حجاجية وتواصلية تعمق التجربة الشعورية وتنشط التفاعل الذهني والعاطفي.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30356_541a80b211be8797d9187ce1288df0c5.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 Analysis of the Persian Translation of Naguib Mahfouz’s Heart of the Night Based on House’s Systemic Functional Model تحليل جودة ترجمة رواية قلب الليل على ضوء نموذج جوليان هاوس الوظيفية ـ النظامية ترجمة كاظم آل ياسين الفارسية أنموذجا 47 62 30818 10.22108/rall.2025.145033.1588 AR مهدي فرحاني أستاذ مساعد في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة ولايت، إيرانشهر، إيران Journal Article 2025 04 25 The growing human need to access global information and knowledge has intensified the importance of translation and its quality evaluation. Ensuring accuracy, coherence, and faithfulness in translation plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the source message. Juliane House’s (1997) translation quality assessment model, grounded in the concept of “translation as re-contextualization” and Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics, provides a comprehensive framework for such evaluation. It integrates linguistic theory at both micro and macro levels by systematically linking textual and contextual elements. The current study applies House’s model to analyze Kazem Al-Yasin’s Persian translation of Naguib Mahfouz’s Heart of the Night (Qalb al-Layl). Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the research examines overt and covert translation strategies and evaluates the extent to which functional equivalence between the source and target texts has been maintained. The findings show that the translator largely preserved the contextual components, genre conventions, and linguistic functions of the original text. Although minor lexical and structural deviations occur, they do not distort the source text’s meaning or ideology. The translation follows an overt strategy that keeps traces of the source language’s foreignness while remaining accessible and natural in Persian. Overall, the study confirms that House’s model effectively identifies how translation choices influence textual and functional integrity across languages. The study seeks to answer the following two research questions? How does the translator represent the author’s role and intention in the source text, and how does this representation align with Juliane House’s evaluation model? To what extent is functional equivalence achieved between the author, the Arabic source text, and the Persian reader? This study analyzed selected portions of Kazem Al-Yasin’s Persian translation of Naguib Mahfouz’s Heart of the Night using House’s (1997) translation quality assessment model. The results demonstrate that the translator successfully preserved the key contextual features, genre norms, and linguistic functions of the Arabic source text while maintaining coherence and stylistic naturalness in Persian. The translation can be classified as overt, as it retains the cultural and stylistic characteristics of the original text rather than fully domesticating them. However, a few translation issues were noted, including unnecessary additions and occasional lexical inaccuracies that slightly affected conciseness and precision. Despite these minor shortcomings, the translator avoided literal rendering and instead employed idiomatic Persian expressions to achieve natural flow and readability. This approach enabled the Persian audience to grasp the main concepts and emotional depth of the source text. By adhering to both source and target language conventions, Al-Yasin produced a text that remains faithful to Mahfouz’s literary voice while reflecting a degree of linguistic adaptability. The findings of the study highlight that House’s systemic functional model provides a reliable and practical framework for evaluating translation quality, as it accounts for linguistic, cultural, and contextual dimensions simultaneously. Future studies could extend this analysis to other Arabic-Persian literary translations to further examine how functional equivalence operates across different genres and translators. إن رغبة الإنسان في الحصول على أحدث المعلومات والتطورات التي تتحقق في مختلف المجالات وفي جميع أنحاء العالم هي سبب التحول إلى صناعة الترجمة. في غضون ذلك، هناك مسألة مهمة جدا ورئيسة، هي جودة الترجمة وضمان دقتها؛ لأن قيمة النصوص المترجمة ومزاياها تتطلب صحة الترجمة واكتمالها ونقل المفاهيم في النص الأصلي، دون أي نقص. تعتمد طريقة جوليان هاوس (1997م)، لتقييم جودة الترجمة، على افتراض الترجمة، باعتبارها إعادة سياق، وتعتمد بشكل أساسي على لغويات هاليداي الوظيفية ـ النظامية. على عكس معظم مناهج تقييم الترجمة ونقدها، فإن نموذج هاوس المقترح هو أحد المناهج القليلة التي لا تتعامل بشكل انتقائي مع إنجازات المعرفة اللغوية، وتستخدم نتائج النظرية اللغوية الكاملة على المستويين الجزئي والكلي. يبدأ نموذج هاوس من مستوى النص؛ ولكنه يتجاوز بشكل دوري الحدود المحددة للنص، ويصوغ العلاقات المتبادلة بين المكونات النصية والسياقية بطريقة منظمة. يعد نموذج تقييم الجودة الذي وضعه جوليان هاوس، أحد نماذج تقييم الترجمة التي تكون محل اهتمام هذا البحث. وبناء على هذه النظرية، يتم تقييم أجزاء من ترجمة رواية قلب الليل الفارسية بعنوان دل شب بقلم كاظم آل ياسين. يحاول المؤلف تقصي دور النص المصدر والمقصد باستخدام المنهج الوصفي ـ التحليلي؛ إذ يسعى إلى تحليل نوع الترجمة الظاهرة والترجمة الخفية وفحص جودة النص المترجم الفارسي لهذه الرواية. تشير نتائج البحث إلى أنه من حيث جودة الترجمة، فقد حافظ المترجم على جودة النص الأصلي، حيث تم الحفاظ على مكونات السياق والنوع الفني للترجمة والدور اللغوي للعمل من قبل المترجم، مع تغييرات طفيفة في النص الهدف. وفقا لعرض نوعين من الترجمة الظاهرة والخفية وفحص الأخطاء الظاهرة والخفية التي قدمها هاوس، فقد قدم المترجم ترجمة ظاهرة للنص، وقام في عدة حالات بإجراء تغييرات، تتوافق مع ميل الترجمة، لتكون أكثر ظهورا.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30818_66f6ee6834d2ad064da0c80ba798e77d.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 Discourse Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors in the Headlines of Al-Alam News Channel Based on Cognitive Linguistics التحليل الخطابي للاستعارات المفاهيمية في عناوين قناة العالم الإخبارية بناء على اللسانيات الإدراكية 63 86 30820 10.22108/rall.2025.145447.1594 AR رضا محمدی أستاذ مساعد في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة ولي عصر، رفسنجان، إيران Journal Article 2025 05 28 This study investigates the role of conceptual metaphor in shaping media discourse by analyzing the headlines of the Iranian Arabic-language news channel Al-Alam. The research is based on the premise that metaphor is not merely a stylistic or rhetorical device, but a deep cognitive structure that shapes human understanding and influences perception. In the era of digital transformation and accelerated communication, analyzing media language is essential for revealing the mechanisms of meaning construction and the strategies used to influence public opinion. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify the dominant metaphorical patterns in Al-Alam’s headlines and to examine how they frame political, economic, and social issues through familiar conceptual structures. The theoretical framework is grounded in cognitive linguistics, particularly the seminal work of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Metaphors We Live By (1980). Classical rhetoric traditionally viewed metaphor as a form of verbal ornamentation aimed at enriching texts aesthetically and persuasively, as seen in the writings of the Sophists, Aristotle, and Arab rhetoricians such as Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani and al-Sakkaki. However, the theory of conceptual metaphor, formulated by Lakoff and Johnson, challenges this conception. From their perspective, conceptual metaphor constitutes a fundamental cognitive mechanism whereby abstract concepts (target domains) are understood through more concrete and tangible concepts (source domains). They define metaphor as “understanding and experiencing one thing in terms of another,” asserting that the human conceptual system is inherently metaphorical and that metaphor shapes not only how we speak, but also how we think and act. Lakoff and Johnson identify three major types of conceptual metaphors: Structural metaphors, which use the structure of one concept to organize another (e.g., Argument is war). Orientational metaphors, which rely on spatial orientations (e.g., Happiness is up). Ontological metaphors, which conceptualize abstract ideas as entities or objects (e.g., The mind is a machine). The research employs a descriptive–analytical method. A corpus of Al-Alam headlines containing conceptual metaphors derived from the domain of “machine” or “machinery” was collected. These headlines were analyzed according to Lakoff and Johnson’s model by identifying the source domain (machine-related terminology), the target domain (political, economic, and social issues), and the metaphorical mappings between them. The study seeks to answer two core questions: What are the most frequently occurring types of conceptual metaphors in the headlines? How do these metaphors reveal the cognitive structures underlying the channel’s discourse? The analysis focuses on ontological metaphors that conceptualize various domains as “machines”. Five major patterns were identified: Politics is a Machine: The most frequent and diverse pattern. Political processes (elections, alliances, negotiations) are presented as machines with parts (parties, institutions), engines (active forces), brakes (laws, red lines), and tracks (paths). This metaphor frames politics as a systematic, controllable process—one that can be guided, stalled, or broken down. Economy is a Machine: The economy is depicted as a mechanical system requiring fuel (investment), engines (production), and wheels (projects). This metaphor highlights both the dynamism and fragility of economic systems. Human is a Machine: Less frequent; the human body is portrayed as a machine requiring fuel (food), charging (rest), cooling (breathing, lightweight clothes), and emitting signals when malfunctioning (vitamin deficiencies). War is a Machine: The second-most frequent metaphor. Conflicts are portrayed as massive war machines whose “fuel” is the blood of martyrs or civilians, with an “engine” (ideology) and a “safety belt” (joint maneuvers). The metaphor renders war as a relentless process with its own momentum. Sports is a Machine: The least common pattern. Sports teams or tournaments are depicted as trains moving along the “track of victories” or wheels returning to rotation. This metaphor emphasizes order and progress. The “Politics is a Machine” metaphor appears most frequently, followed by “War is a Machine,” then “Economy is a Machine”. “Human is a Machine” and “Sports is a Machine” occur least often. This distribution reflects the editorial priorities of the channel, with political and military issues receiving the most emphasis. The machine metaphors reveal an organized cognitive structure in the channel’s discourse. By mapping complex and abstract domains onto a familiar mechanical model, the channel provides audiences with a concrete framework that facilitates comprehension. This framework transfers attributes of machines—precision, interdependence, operational continuity, and malfunction, repair— onto political and economic domains. As a result: Perception is simplified and guided through mechanical cause-and-effect chains. Issues are framed within dichotomies such as operation vs. breakdown, progress vs. regression. The ideological message is reinforced, portraying opposing forces as runaway machines or highlighting “the blood of martyrs” as the necessary fuel for the “machine of resistance. The study demonstrates that conceptual metaphor—particularly the “machine” metaphor—is a powerful discursive tool within Al-Alam’s media discourse. It operates not merely as a stylistic choice but as a cognitive mechanism that organizes complex realities, constructs mental representations, and shapes public opinion by providing structured interpretations of events. The findings underscore the intrinsic relationship between language, cognition, and ideology in contemporary media discourse. تعدّ الاستعارة في التصور التقليدي جانبا بيانيا، يمكن فصله عن اللغة. فهي ـ على حد تعبير إيغلتون (1983م) ـ ترتيبات مسبقة، تهدف إلى تقوية اللغة العادية، وضغطها، وتحريفها، وإيجازها، وانتقائها، وقلبها. في المقابل، تمتلك الاستعارة، في التصوّر المعاصر ومن منظور المنظّرين لايكوف وجونسون، طبيعةً معرفية، بمعنى أن مركز الاستعارة لم يعد في الكلمات، بل ينبع من إدراكنا للعلاقات المحيطة بنا. تشكّل اللغة الإعلامية المستخدمة في قناة العالم، نظرا لتقديمها عناوين إخبارية متنوعة، تشمل مجالات السياسة والاقتصاد والعلاقات الدولية، مادةً بحثية ثريّة لتحليل الاستعارات الخطابية. ويعدّ هذا التنوع السياقي بحدّ ذاته أحد أبرز مجالات تجلّي هذه الاستعارات وأرضية خصبة لدراستها. يهدف هذا البحث، من خلال دراسة الاستعارة وتحلیلها في التصور المعاصر، إلى تناول الاستعارات المفاهیمیة بأنواعها الثلاثة: البنیویة، والتوجیهیة، والوجودیة، وتجلیّاتها في عناوین قناة العالم، کالسياسة، والاقتصاد، والحرب، والإنسان، والرياضة ماکینة، من منظار اللسانيات الإدراكية. يتوجّه هذا البحث إلى تحديد الاستعارات المفاهیمیة وتصنيفها، ثم تحليل كيفية استخدامها وأثرها في إعادة تمثيل الأحداث وتشكيل فهم الجمهور، اعتمادا علی المنهج الوصفي ـ التحلیلي. أظهرت النتائج أن قناة العالم تستخدم الاستعارة المفاهیمية "الماکینة"، لتوضيح المفاهيم المجرّدة، وأن تخطيط المفاهيم من المجال المصدر إلى المجال الهدف يتم بتحول المفاهيم المجرّدة بالنسبة للجمهور إلى مفهوم الماکینة القابل للتقييم. من ناحية أخرى، وبالنظر إلى سياسة قناة العالم الإخبارية، فقد تصدّرت الاستعارات المفهومية المتعلّقة بالسياسة أكثر تواترا، ثم تلتها استعارات الحرب، ومن ثم استعارات الاقتصاد في المرتبة الثالثة؛ أما استعارتا الإنسان والرياضة ماكينة، فقد كانتا الأقل ورودا في العناوين.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30820_a75c507a905d0c88c3f1c7f5efc780ba.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 Innovative Phonetic Issues in the Poetry of Abu Tammam al-Ta'i: A Study of Some of His Semantic Indicators from the Perspective of Functional Phonetics دراسة لبعض المؤشرات الدلالية في أشعار أبي ‌تمام الطائي من منظور الفوناتيك الوظيفي مقاربات نقدية وجهود ابتکارية 87 108 30863 10.22108/rall.2025.144346.1571 AR مالک عبدي أستاذ مشارك في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة إيلام، إيلام، إيران Journal Article 2025 02 15 The phonological level refers to the study of linguistic sounds in terms of their latent performative activities and functional tasks, which subject words to an interactive cycle with the meanings programmed for them in the communicative structure of the text. It also grants them the ability to accept certain morphological, phonetic, and morphological transformations, in terms of their connotation of higher meanings, through the semantic divisions that result from this in the fields of stress, intonation, repetition, assonance, and the syllabic system of the language. This is combined with the resulting pauses, connections, and the application of special layers of sound, which relate to the conceptual structure sought by the semantic researcher. This is studied under the title of phonology, which addresses the relationships between sounds, phonemes, and expressive syllables in general. This study aims to investigate the organizational tools used by Al-Ta’i in his speech to be exciting semantic stimuli that lead to the speech’s meanings and semantic scenes that are not provided by the familiar tools used in it. From there, we try to find the meanings of emotional, rhetorical, and understanding value that could not have been obtained except through these mechanisms that Al-Ta’i used to indicate the locations of his semantic secrets in his interconnected intellectual system. Since Abu Tammam was a thoughtful poet, relying on maturing the generative idea within his audience and striving to pave the way for its substitution, we see him employing elements that enhance the value of his connotations and rhetoric, helping him strengthen the bonds of meaning and perfect its phonetic and functional weaving, thus bridging the conceptual gaps in the minds of the recipients. Based on this, we conclude that Al-Ta'i benefited from some important phonetic components, which he was certain contributed to strengthening the organizational aspect of the phrase, such as stress, intonation, repetition, assonance, and internal and external musicality, which, for him, were in complete harmony with the intended meaning he sought. Therefore, meanings appeared in his poetry in a lush, evocative form whenever the poet provided them with decisive phonetic energies that connected with the conceptual structure he had acquired. It is certain that there are ancient studies and research rooted among Muslim scholars. These studies began at an early time to investigate the nature of the relationships between the sound of a word and its meaning. Their attempts aimed to establish what Arabic is, in its original and ancient glory, regarding the origins and standards of forming phonological compounds. These compounds are organized within generative structures or combine with the communicative systems adjacent to them. This is one of the aspects that Al-Ta’i paid great attention to in his poetry. He was careful to choose words that harmonize with the meanings he intended, ensuring the best suitability, agreement, and phonetic harmony. Through this study, we will see the extent of his interest in this matter and his passion for benefiting from words that match the intended meaning. Such words, by their sounds and tonal structures, carry indications of meaning that may be lost if the tonal composition and arrangement are disturbed by some sound or rhythmic defect. Finally, this study seeks to investigate whether these sound agreements between meaning and phonetic systems were deliberate and chosen—resulting from the poet’s semantic awareness—or whether they appeared accidentally, producing the final harmony between form and content without reliance on any pre-approved phonetic system. These axes are what we will attempt to address in this phonetic journey to obtain sound intellectual lines and methods in Abu Tammam that will guide us to the locations of this noticeable audio-visual harmony in him. The research questions we seek to answer through this research into Abu Tammam's poetry are as follows: 1) What were the reasons that prompted the poet to utilize these semantic models in the field of sound and its functional contributions? 2) How were these phonetic-functional patterns able to help articulate meaning in a precise artistic manner and present it in a phonetic form that is consistent with the expressive textures of speech? 3) What are the most important phonetic indicators that Al-Ta'i used to weave his speech in a coherent manner, and how did he employ them? The critical examinations we have cast on Abu Tammam's poetry from the perspective of sound and its connotations have led us to the conclusion that, in most of the verses he composed and incorporated into them the mechanisms of musical fascination, he was remarkably successful. Awareness of functional usage was his companion in many cases. We have seen how he tends to use musical dimensions and vocal secretions that clearly elevate his semantic meanings. We have also seen how, in terms of sound and vocal suggestion, if he desires breadth and expansion of the generosity of the praised one, for example, and intends to create a sense of ease and openness in his heart, he seeks the help of words that possess the quality of softness, expansion, and openness, in order to convey with these letters and their qualities the extent of that ease and openness. He also tends to give the composition a sense of striking movement, depicting the lightness, tremor, and dynamism he senses in the gait of camels, for example, through the succession of openings on them. Finally, we note that his musical creativity still occupies the forefront in his collection of poems, achieving the ultimate semantic goal of highlighting and demonstrating meaning in the best possible way in various areas of sound: verbal, tonal, melody, rhetoric, and phonetics. Most of his fascination in this field was based on the approach of musical and formative evidence that embodies for the reader the significance of the meaning in a dazzling musical embodiment related to the meaning. يتبنی المستوی الصوتي دراسة الأصوات اللغوية من حيث فاعلياتها الأدائية الکامنة ومهامها التوظيفية التي تقوم بإخضاع الکلمات لدورة تفاعلية مع المعاني التي تُبَرمَج لها في هيکلية النص التداولية، کما تمنحها قدرة علی قبول بعض التحويلات الصرفية والصوتية والتشکيلية من حيث دلالتها علی معانٍ أرقی، بواسطة التقسيمات الدلالية التي تتأتّی لذلك في حقول النبر، والتنغيم، والتکرار، والتجنيس، والنظام المقطعي للغة، وما ينتج عن ذلك من وقفات ووصلات وإعمال طبقات خاصة من الصوت، والتي تتعالق مع البنية المفهومية التي يسعی إلی تکوينها الباثّ الدلالي، والتي تُدرس تحت عنوان علم وظائف الأصوات الذي يتناول العلاقات القائمة بين الأصوات، والفونيمات، والمقاطع الصوتية المعبرة بوجه عام. وعملُنا في هذا الدراسة أن نقوم بالبحث عن الأدوات التنظيمية التي سخرها الطائي في كلامه، لتكون منبّهات دلالية مثيرة، تهدي إلی إفادات الكلام ومشاهده الدلالية التي لا تتكفل بإخراجها الأدواتُ المألوفة المستخدمة فيه؛ ومن ثم، فنحاول أن نعثر علی معانٍ ذات قيمة شعورية وبلاغية وإفهامية، لم تكن لتتحصَّل إلا عن طريق هذه المكانيزمات التي استعان بها الطائي، للتدليل علی مكامن أسراره الدلالية في منظومته الفكرية المترابطة الأوصال. ولما كان أبو تمام شاعرا مفکِّرا معتمدا علی إنضاج الفكرة التوليدية لدی مخاطبه، ويسعی لتمهيد المسار الاستبدالي له، فنراه يستعين بالعناصر التي من شأنها أن تزيد من قيمة دلالاته وبلاغاته، ويعينه علی توثيق أواصر المعنی وإحكام نسجه صوتيا ووظيفيا، حتی يقوم بسدّ الفجوات التفكيرية في أذهان المتلقين. وبناء عليه، فإننا نستنتج أنّ الطائي قد استفاد من بعض المكونات الصوتية الخطيرة التي يتيّقن من إسهامها في تقوية الجانب التنظيمي للعبارة، كالنبر، والتنغيم، والتكرار، والتجنيس، والموسيقی الداخلية والخارجية التي وقعتْ عنده في تضافر تام مع المعنی المقاصدي الذي توخّاه؛ ولذلك، فإنّ المعاني ظهرت عنده في حلة استدعائية قشيبة، حيثما زوّدها الشاعر بطاقات فوناتيكية حاسمة، تتعالق مع البنية المفهومية التي حصلت عنده.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30863_a6a1f6bd22efb99c68e1e9c5803c268d.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 Juliane House's Functional Theory for Evaluating the Quality of Literary Translations (Badi' Juma's Translation of Attar's The Conference of the Birds as a Model) نظرية جوليان هاوس الوظيفية لتقويم نوعية الترجمات الأدبية ترجمة بديع جمعة لمنطق الطير للعطار نموذجا 109 128 30864 10.22108/rall.2026.144779.1582 AR محمدحسن امرائي أستاذ مشارك في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة لرستان، خرم آباد، إيران Journal Article 2025 03 25 Literary translation, in particular, is a task fraught with difficulties and responsibilities, sometimes even more challenging than writing itself. Sufi texts, in particular, hold a special place due to their importance and sensitivity. The translator must possess the necessary academic qualifications and expertise in Sufism, or at least the knowledge to avoid distorting the original text. Farid al-Din Attar's Mantiq al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is one of the most prominent Persian Sufi poems translated into various languages. Three Arabic translations of this work have been published so far, by Ahmed Naji al-Qaysi, Badi' Muhammad Juma'a, and Ali Abbas Zuleikha. Undoubtedly, finding equivalents and restoring its signs and symbols was one of the most significant challenges facing translators. Therefore, from among these various translations, the one by Badi' Muhammad Juma'a, a professor at Ain Shams University, was chosen; it is one of the most famous and widely circulated translations of this work. This translation is written in a very simple prose style, and the translator tried to present the ideas clearly; however, his reliance on French and Turkish translations led to some flaws in his translation. Juliane House's model for assessing translation quality is based on the premise of "translation as reformulation" and is fundamentally grounded in Halliday's functional linguistics. Unlike most translation evaluation/criticism approaches, House's proposed model is one of the few that does not selectively engage with the achievements of linguistic knowledge but rather employs the findings of an integrated linguistic theory at both the micro and macro levels. Accordingly, it was chosen as the subject of study in this research. Since it is not possible to study the translation of The Logic of the Birds in its entirety in one article, the method we adopted in this article is the descriptive-analytical and inductive method, based on the selection of poetic models according to Juliane House's method for assessing the quality of translation. Studying this model in the text of The Logic of the Birds, which is a mystical literary text, demonstrates the translator's skill in conveying concepts and language. Furthermore, examining the extent of coordination between the translator and the author, as well as the compatibility of the source and target text indexes based on House's theory, reveals the importance and necessity of addressing this issue. This article aims to demonstrate that the translated text, despite lexical and grammatical changes, does not undergo rhetorical changes or alter its role in the target language. According to House's functional model, the role of context in translation is well-defined, and context becomes an integral part of the text. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer the following three research questions: How can Badi' Juma's Arabic translation of Attar's The Conference of the Birds be evaluated based on Juliane House's functional model? Which translation strategy does Badi' Juma's translation of The Conference of the Birds generally lean towards, and on this basis is it considered an overt or covert translation? How was a functional balance achieved between the author, the Arabic text, and the reader? The appropriate hypothesis for this research question is that, based on House's functional model, the role of the text in this translation remains unchanged. Considering House's presentation of two types of translation—overt and covert—and examining the overt and covert errors it identified, the translator provided a clear translation of the text. By employing strategies to preserve or modify the source text, the translator effected a functional change in the translation, but these modifications did not alter the text's overall role. House considers three dimensions for examining each translated text: semantic, pragmatic, and textual. According to House, the greatest challenge in translation lies in the cognitive and practical dimension of the translation process. This refers to "the specific use of an expression in a specific situation," which forms the core of her evaluative model. Therefore, each text is defined within a unique context to play a specific role in a linguistic community. To avoid compromising this role, each text must have a hierarchy. Accordingly, House proposes contextual analysis in her evaluation model, which consists of three essential elements: Scope of Discourse: Social activities include the subject or title and involve differentiation to varying degrees in terms of generality and specificity of lexical elements under specialized, general, and popular titles. In this way, the factors that determine the scope can be defined by two indicators: a) Subject (novel, play, poem, online advertising brochure) Social work (specialized, general, popular, etc.) Discourse Factor: Discourse factors refer to the nature of the participants, i.e., the addressees and the audience, and the relationship between them in terms of power and social distance, as well as the degree of emotional force. There are two important points in describing the discourse factor: a) The origin and social status of the writer and translator. b) The relationship of social role (symmetrical, meaning that the text contains features that show connection and agreement between the addressee and the audience / asymmetrical, meaning that the text has indicators of power between one of the discourse factors, sometimes the addressee, and sometimes the audience). Discourse Style refers to the channel of information—written and spoken—including: a) Simple media (if written for reading) / Complex media (if written for listening, b) Simple engagement means the monologue of the work's creator/Complex engagement means addressing a large audience. House's analytical model allows the researcher to identify the role of the source text and compare it with the archived version of the translated text. The correspondence of equivalent roles in the source and target languages indicates the suitability of the translation process and the translator's competence. Figure 1 illustrates the diagram of House's evaluation model for analyzing and comparing the source and target texts: Figure 1. Diagram of House's Model (1997) Explicit Translation – Subliminal Translation In her study of translation quality, House distinguished between explicit and subliminal translation. She considered explicit translation to be that in which the translator consciously chooses linguistic synonyms in a way that enables the reader of the translated text to easily understand the foreignness of the text and its elements. In other words, in explicit translation, the target audience is not addressed directly, nor are they confronted with the primary secondary text, because the text is written according to the desires of the linguistic community and culture of the source text. However, in subliminal translation, the translated text is produced within the familiar and common frameworks of the target language and culture. The research findings demonstrate that the translator has preserved the contextual components, translation type, and linguistic role of the work with minor changes to the target text. Considering the presentation of two types of translations, explicit and implicit, and examining the explicit and implicit errors presented by House, the translator has generally provided an explicit translation of the text. تشكّل قضية جودة ترجمة النصوص أهمية كبيرة في المناقشات المتعلقة بدراسات الترجمة، لدرجة صار تقييم جودة الترجمة دائما موضوعا للنقاش. ومن الحلول لهذا الخلاف هي النماذج المتنوعة التي تمّ تقديمها في مجال تقييم جودة الترجمة، والتي استندت إلى أطر نظرية مختلفة. إحدی هذه النماذج المؤثّرة التي اقترحتها جوليان هاوس عام 1977م، ثم قامت بمراجعتها في نفس السنة، تعتمد على نظرية هاليداي الوظيفية المنهجية. ترفض هاوس نفسها فكرة التزام القارئ المستهدف بمزايا الترجمة، باعتبارها فكرة خاطئة بشكل أساسي؛ ولهذا السبب، تؤسّس نموذجها على تحليل مقارن للنص المصدر والهدف، ممّا يؤدّي إلى تقييم جودة الترجمة، ويؤكد على الأخطاء أو التناقضات. ترى هاوس أن الترجمة تنقسم إلى نوعين: صريحة وخفية. المنهج الّذي اعتمدناه في هذا المقال هو المنهج الوصفي ـ التحليلي ـ الاستقرائي، بالاعتماد على نموذج جوليان هاوس، لدراسة جودة ترجمة بديع محمد جمعة العربية لمنطق الطير للعطار النيسابوري، والذي يتّسم بالخصوصية الشديدة؛ لكونه نصاً أدبياً صوفياً مليئاً بمصطلحات التصوف التي تحتاج إلی مهارة في الترجمة وفهم لدلالات الألفاظ الصوفية. في هذه المقالة، يتمّ فحص جودة الترجمة، من خلال مقارنة النصّين المصدر والهدف، ويتمّ عرض النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها في شكل جداول ورسوم بيانية. من خلال فحص ومقارنة مؤشرات النص المصدر والنص الهدف، يمكن القول إن النص المترجم متوافق مع النص المصدر. يتشارك النصان في موضوع مشترك، والعمل الاجتماعي في النصين المصدر والمقصد هو عمل عام وشعبي. ومن حيث أسلوب الخطاب، فإن أسلوب الوسائط في كلا النصين معقّد. لقد تمكّن المترجم من الحفاظ على النوع الأدبي الصوفي وسياق النص الأصلي. بناء على نموذج جوليان هاوس، يمكن القول إن بديع محمد جمعة قد اقترب في ترجمته من ترجمة مخفية في أجزاء؛ ولكن في أغلب الأحيان، نجح المترجم أكثر في الحفاظ على دور وقواعد النص المصدر ونقله إلى النص الهدف، مما أدّى إلى تقديم ترجمة صريحة للنص في الغالب الأعمّ.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30864_dc3f0a95376fd0d6f7d87891a50da00e.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 Semiotics and Identity: Analyzing the Codes of Tamim Al-Barghouthi’s Poem In Jerusalem in the Context of the Palestinian Struggle السيميائيات والهوية تحليل شفرات قصيدة في القدس لتميم البرغوثي في سياق الصراع الفلسطيني 129 144 30869 10.22108/rall.2025.146403.1614 AR عبدالباسط عرب يوسف آبادي أستاذ مساعد في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة زابل، زابل، إيران حسن میرکمالی حاصل على الماجستير في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة زابل، زابل، إيران Journal Article 2025 08 20 This study conducts a comprehensive semiotic analysis of Tamim Al-Barghouthi’s poem In Jerusalem, utilizing Roland Barthes’ theory of the five codes—actantial, hermeneutic, semantic, symbolic, and cultural—to uncover the latent layers of meaning embedded within the text. Semiotics, as a discipline, focuses on the study of signs and the mechanisms through which meaning is produced, emphasizing the interplay between signs and their contextual significance. Barthes’ framework provides a robust methodology for dissecting narrative texts into units that reveal their underlying semiotic structures. These codes enable a nuanced understanding of how texts construct meaning through interaction with their socio-cultural contexts. Tamim Al-Barghouthi, a prominent Palestinian poet, encapsulates the Palestinian experience of exile, resistance, and collective identity in his iconic poem. The poem portrays Jerusalem as a multifaceted symbol, weaving together historical, spiritual, and political dimensions to confront the distortions imposed by the Israeli occupation. Through vivid imagery and intricate symbols, Al-Barghouthi constructs a poetic discourse that reflects the cultural and political tensions of the Palestinian struggle. The research employs a descriptive-analytical approach, systematically deconstructing the text into semiotic units examined through Barthes’ codes. The actantial code traces the sequence of events and actions; the hermeneutic code identifies enigmas and their resolution; the semantic code explores implicit connotations; the symbolic code examines binary oppositions; and the cultural code connects the text to shared historical and cultural knowledge. The analysis reveals the intricate interplay of these codes. The actantial code structures a narrative of thwarted access and introspection, highlighting the tension between desire and political reality. The hermeneutic code generates enigmas about the “beloved” (Jerusalem), resolved through the affirmation of the Palestinian self as its essence. The semantic code uncovers connotations of alienation, resilience, and spiritual weight through specific signifiers. The symbolic code deconstructs binary oppositions such as presence/absence and sacred/profane, challenging colonial narratives. Finally, the cultural code anchors the poem in shared knowledge, referencing Islamic and Christian heritage and Palestinian resistance practices, thereby reinforcing Jerusalem’s status as a spiritual and cultural nexus. The study concludes that Barthes’ five codes collectively demonstrate the poem’s capacity to reveal implicit conventions within its poetic discourse, effectively mirroring the Palestinian reality. The poem emerges as a multilayered text that functions as a form of cultural resistance, affirming identity and challenging colonial oppression through its complex semiotic structure. يقدّم هذا البحث تحليلا سيميائيا معمّقا لقصيدة في القدس لتميم البرغوثي، مستندا إلى نظرية السيميائيات التي تركّز على دراسة العلامات وآليات إنتاج المعنى في النصوص. يعتمد البحث على إطار رولان بارت النظري للشفرات الخمس: شفرات الأحداث، والتأويلية، والدلالية، والرمزية، والثقافية، التي تفكّك النص إلى وحدات دلالية، تكشف عن الطبقات المعنوية الكامنة وتفاعلها مع السياق. تجسّد قصيدة في القدس رؤية الشاعر للقدس كرمز للهوية الفلسطينية، متناولة الصراع مع الاحتلال عبر صور شعرية مكثّفة غنية بالرموز والإيحاءات التي تعكس التناقضات الثقافية والسياسية. يُمكن تحليل عمق القصيدة باستخدام شفرات بارت، للكشف عن التوتر بين الواقع المحتلّ والانتماء الروحي. يتبنّى البحث المنهج الوصفي ـ التحليلي، لتفكيك النص، بهدف إبراز الطبقات الرمزية الكامنة وتسهيل قراءة النص للمتلقي. تُظهر النتائج أن التحليل السيميائي يكشف عن الاتفاقيات الضمنية من خلال الشفرة الأحداثية في تسلسل المنع والتأمل، والتأويلية في ألغاز الهوية، والدلالية في مدلولات الاغتراب، والرمزية في تعارضات الحضور / الغياب، والمقدس / الدنس، والثقافية في إحالات المماليك والنصوص المقدسة، مما يبرز تفاعل الشفرات الخمس، لتعكس رؤية بارت النقدية في إنتاج معانٍ متعددة، ويؤكد قدرة القصيدة على تصوير القدس كرمز للصمود والهوية الفلسطينية، معززاً دور الأدب في مقاومة القمع الاستعماري، عبر دلالات متداخلة تعكس السياق التاريخي والثقافي.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30869_c340ea35607835c8901557f531a0368c.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 Reflections on the Arabic Translation of the Series "Yousef Al-Siddiq" in Light of Interpretative Theory: Challenges and Techniques تأملات في الترجمة العربیة لمسلسل یوسف الصديق علی ضوء النظرية التأويلية التحديات والتقنیات 145 164 30870 10.22108/rall.2025.146667.1620 AR انور پنام أستاذ مساعد بقسم الترجمة في المجمع العالي للغة والآداب والدراسات الثقافية، قم، إيران Journal Article 2025 09 14 The decline of the purely linguistic approach—which dominated translation studies during the 1960s and 1970s—became inevitable due to its inherent inability to account for implicit meanings. This shift paved the way for the emergence of the interpretative approach, which now holds a prominent position among contemporary translation theories. The interpretative model emphasizes that the translator’s task is to render meaning rather than transfer linguistic signs. According to this perspective, translation is essentially an act of interpretation: the translator grasps the meaning of the original text, detaches from its linguistic form, integrates cognitive perception with linguistic expression, and ultimately reforms the meaning through appropriate phrasing in the target language. Building on this theoretical foundation, the present study employs Interpretative Theory as an analytical framework for examining the Arabic translation of the television series Yousef Al-Siddiq, using a descriptive–analytical methodology. The findings reveal several challenges facing the translation from the perspective of the interpretative approach. These challenges required identifying their sources and proposing practical solutions. The study also examines the technical procedures used in the translation, including condensation, assimilation, adaptation, addition, and innovation in discourse formulation. These aspects are explored in detail. This study adopts an analytical descriptive approach to address the following two research questions: What challenges emerged in translating the series Yousef Al-Siddiq within the framework of the hermeneutic approach? What technical mechanisms were employed in the translation of the series within this hermeneutic framework? The study concludes that Hermeneutic (Interpretative) Theory prioritizes understanding the author’s intended meaning and communicating it to the audience of the target language. In this view, language is not the primary focus of translation; rather, the concern lies with both the explicit and implicit meanings embedded in linguistic structures, along with the cognitive complements that support them. Cognitive complements refer to stable elements within the translator’s knowledge base and cognitive context that interact with linguistic signs to generate meaning. The translation of Yousef Al-Siddiq encountered several challenges, primarily at the verbal and textual levels. Examples are provided for each category along with suggested solutions. The study also identifies the technical mechanisms employed in the translation, including: Assimilation Condensation Modulation (both shifting focus and reformulating the expression) Innovation in discourse Addition إن المنهج اللساني الذي ساد العمل بقواعده في الدراسات الترجمية طيلة العقود الأخيرة من القرن الماضي، أصبح التخلي عنه ضرورة، تملیها سمة العجز عن إدراك المعاني الضمنیة، مما فتح الباب واسعاً أمام ظهور منهج تأویلي، حاز علی مکانة رفيعة بین النظریات في حقل الدراسات الترجمية. ويركز هذا المنهج على أن مهمة المترجم هي ترجمة المعاني، وليس نقل العلامات اللغوية. ويفترض أن العملية الترجمية هي تأويل، أي أن المترجم يعيد إنتاج معنى النص من خلال الفهم، ثم التجرد من الشكل اللغوي، ومن ثم يدمج التعبير اللغوي مع الإدراك المعرفي، ليعيد أخيراً صياغة المعنى باستخدام التعبير المناسب في اللغة الهدف. انطلاقاً من ذلك، تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية إلى توظيف النظرية التأويلية إطاراً نظريا لتحليل ترجمة مسلسل يوسف الصديق، معتمدا منهجا وصفيا ـ تحليليا. وقد انتهت الدراسة إلى نتائج مهمة، أبرزها وجود تحديات، تواجه تلك الترجمة علی ضوء المنهج التأويلي، مما استدعى الحال الكشف عن تلك التحديات، ووضع اقتراحات لمعالجتها. كما تابعت الدراسة الآليات التقنية المستخدمة فيها، مثل: التذويب، والتكثيف، والتطويع، والإضافة، والابتكار في صياغة الخطاب أو النص. وهذا ما سنقوم بالبحث عنه بالتفصیل.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30870_a375a5c92524965ef82c6dc7748e27d5.pdf

جامعة أصفهان بحوث في اللغة العربية 2821-0638 18 36 2026 10 01 The Mechanisms of Dialogical Argumentation in the Poetry of Sulaiman Al-Nabhani آلیات الحجاج التداولي في شعر سليمان النبهاني 165 182 30281 10.22108/rall.2025.146469.1615 AR سيد شبر محسني حسین پور طالب الدكتوراه في اسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة خلیج فارس ، بوشهر، إيران علي خضري أستاذ مشارك في اسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة خلیج فارس ، بوشهر، إيران رسول بلاوی أستاذ في اسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة شهید تشمران أهواز، أهواز، إيران محمدجواد پورعابد أستاذ مشارك في اسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة خلیج فارس ، بوشهر، إيران ناصر زارع أستاذ مشارك في اسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة خلیج فارس ، بوشهر، إيران Journal Article 2025 08 26 Amid the diversity of modern critical approaches to analyzing literary discourse, discursive argumentation emerges as a fundamental perspective focusing on the study of language within its communicative context, as an effective tool for influencing the recipient and shaping their opinion. Discursive argumentation is considered a dynamic concept based on employing language to serve the construction of meaning and guide the recipient within an interactive communicative framework. It is an extension of pragmatic studies that link language to its practical uses. Within this framework, the poet Suleiman Al-Nabhani was selected due to the richness of argumentation and the diversity of persuasive techniques in his poetry, making it fertile ground for exploring discursive argumentative mechanisms. Al-Nabhani, as a traditional poet influenced by his Omani and Arab environment, employed his poetic discourse to serve multiple purposes, both personal and collective, relying on diverse argumentative strategies that blend logic, emotion, and rhetoric. The research aims to monitor the argumentative indicators in Al-Nabhani’s texts and analyze the role of the historical context in shaping persuasion strategies, as well as revealing the interaction between the poetic structure and the argumentative function. Consequently, the research adopts the pragmatic method of analysis, utilizing tools from pragmatics and modern argumentation theories. The role of this methodology lies in studying the communicative context and its social and cultural dimensions to reveal how argumentative discourse is formed and influences the recipient. The significance of the study lies in shedding light on an important aspect of Al-Nabhani's poetry, while also contributing to a deeper understanding of discursive argumentation in Arabic poetry in general, and Omani poetry in particular. This study seeks to answer the following three research questions: What are the most prominent argumentative strategies employed by Al-Nabhani in his poetic discourse? How are shared references (Islamic values, tribal customs, Omani history) used in building arguments by Al-Nabhani? To what extent is dialogical argumentation in Al-Nabhani's poetry effective in influencing the recipient and achieving successful communication? The study adopted an analytical pragmatic approach that examines language in its actual communicative context, utilizing tools from pragmatics and modern argumentation theories such as the works of Ducrot and van Eemeren. Diverse poetic models from the diwan of the poet Suleiman Al-Nabhani were analyzed to track argumentative indicators and the role of the historical and cultural context in shaping persuasion strategies, and to reveal the interaction between poetic structure and argumentative function. The theoretical framework was based on the concepts of pragmatics and pragmatic argumentation, which is defined as a discursive genre aimed at persuasion and influencing the recipient’s behavior. The analytical mechanisms were confined to four main axes: argumentative connectives such as logical connectors, argumentative operators such as restrictives and emphatics, the argumentative scale as a mechanism for gradation in presenting arguments, and speech acts as influential performative tools. The applied analysis included two stages: horizontal analysis, which tracks each mechanism across the texts, and vertical analysis, which studies the integration of these mechanisms within a single text. The analysis involved examining argumentative connectives like "even" and "because" and studying their function in building argumentative gradation. It also involved analyzing argumentative operators and constructing argumentative scales through the logical sequence from premises to conclusions. The analysis concluded by studying constructive styles and their semantic transformations from literal meaning to persuasive function. The study revealed that Al-Nabhani's poetry is distinguished by a notable argumentative richness through the diverse employment of persuasion mechanisms. He utilized argumentative connectives to highlight the logical progression between arguments and used argumentative operators for emphasis and restriction. The results showed the poet’s skill in building argumentative scales that begin with provocation or questioning and gradually progress towards presenting arguments leading to decisive conclusions. He also successfully employed constructive styles as effective tools for refuting opposing views and entrenching positions. The results confirmed the effectiveness of using shared cultural references in enhancing the power of the argument and persuading the recipient. The study confirmed that Al-Nabhani's poetry represented an effective communicative system that achieved multiple performative purposes. It successfully transformed poetry from an aesthetic tool into an effective means of persuasion, reflecting a deep awareness of the nature of the addresses and their ways of thinking. These argumentative mechanisms contributed to enriching the poetic meaning and achieving the desired social and cultural impact. The importance of the study lies in its highlighting of a significant aspect of Al-Nabhani’s poetry that was absent in previous studies. It also contributes to deepening the understanding of pragmatic argumentation in Arabic poetry in general, and Omani poetry in particular. These findings open avenues for future studies on pragmatic argumentation in other Arabic poetic and rhetorical discourses. في ظلّ تعدد المناهج النقدية الحديثة التي تهتمّ بتحليل الخطاب الأدبي، يبرز الحجاج التداولي كأحد المنظورات الأساسية لفهم الآليات الإقناعية في النصوص الشعرية، حيث يركّز على دراسة اللغة في سياقها التواصلي، بوصفها أداة فاعلة في التأثير على المتلقي وتشكيل رأيه. ويعدّ هذا النهج امتداداً للدراسات البراغماتية التي تربط بين اللغة واستعمالاتها العملية، مما يجعله منهجاً ملائماً لتحليل الخطاب الشعري الذي يتأسّس على التفاعل بين الشاعر والمتلقي. وفي هذا الإطار، يأتي اختيار شاعرنا، سليمان بن سليمان النبهاني الذي تميّز شعره بغنى الحجاج وتنوّع أدواته الإقناعية، مما يجعله نموذجاً خصباً للكشف عن آليات التداول الحجاجي. فالنبهاني، كشاعر تقليدي متأثر ببيئته العُمانية والعربية، وظّف خطابه الشعري لخدمة أغراض متعددة، بين الذاتي والجماعي، مما يجعله يعتمد على إستراتيجيات حجاجية متنوعة، كالاستدلال المنطقي، والخطاب العاطفي، والحوار الضمني مع القارئ. واعتمد البحث على المنهج البراغماتي القائم على دراسة السياق التواصلي وأبعاده الاجتماعية والثقافية، بهدف الكشف عن كيفية تشكيل الخطاب الحجاجي وتأثيره في المتلقي. وقد توصّلت الدراسة إلى نتائج مهمة، تمثّلت في التعرف على أبرز آليات الحجاج التداولي المستخدمة في شعر سليمان النبهاني، وتحليل كيفية توظيف هذه الآليات لتعزيز قوة الخطاب الشعري، وإيصال الرسائل بطريقة مقنعة، وكذلك إبراز دور الحجاج التداولي كأداة تواصلية، تساهم في إثراء المعنى الشعري وإحداث تأثير اجتماعي وثقافي.

https://rall.ui.ac.ir/article_30281_c80ba7d20042637682e8b834b4ed9115.pdf