A Structural Study of the Dichotomy between City and Village in the Ode ‘Maghtal al-Qamar’ Written by Amal Dongol

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student of Arabic Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The ode ‘Maghtal al-Qamar’ is a poem written by Amal Dongol, an Egyptian poet, after his experience of human life in the village. In this ode, his dichotomy and bipolar approach to city and village is expressed in an encoded manner. In this poem, the poet, relying on the storytelling technique, created a sad scene together with sorrow and grief for the audience. This ode consists of four sections of dramatic narrative. This research is a structural research based on a descriptive-analytical method that examines the structure of this ode in five levels of audio, syntax, grammar, terminology, semantics, and codes. The results of the research indicate that the poet at the audio level has a poetic weight proportional to the dramatic atmosphere of the ode, and at the syntax level has used the various declarative, nominal, and verbal statements; and at the grammar level has used a lot of past verbs. At the level of terminology, the words of the ode are simple in appearance but have complex and obscure meanings. At the level of semantics, the poet uses artistic images such as simile, metaphor, and so on to express his feelings. At the level of the codes, the poet uses religious myths such as Christ and the Prophet Yusuf, portrays the lack of dependence of urbanite on authentic values. From the beginning to the end, this ode is full of mystery and duality, and structural readings can play an important role in reopening the text nodes and attaining the meaning of the ode.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References:
- Abu Ghali, M. (1995). City in contemporary Arabic poetry (under the supervision of Ahmad Mushari al-Adwani). Kuwait: Alam al-Ma'arfa Publications, National Congress of Culture, Literature and Art
-    Ismail, E. (1972). Contemporary Arabic poem, Artistic and spiritual phenomena. (T. 2). Beirut: Dar al-Avda.
-    Bushinsky, A. M. (1992). Contemporary Philosophy in Europe. Al-Kuwait: Alam Al-Maarafa.
-    Al-Hussein, A. (1987). Wizard poetry in the Maghreb. (T. 2). Beirut: Publishing Awidat.
-    Donqol, A. (1992). The words of Amal Donqol. Cairo: New York Printing House.
-    Amal Donqol. (1987). Divan poetry. Beirut: Dar al-avda Publications.
-    Rabab'a, M. (2011). Typology interpretation tools. (1). Al-Kuwait: The Afagh Library.
-    Al-Saadani, M. (1987). Structuralism in new poetry. (1). Alexandria: Manshaat Al-Maaref.
-    Saber, A. D. (2001). Poets and their evolutionary experiences in the critique of literature. (1T). Alexandria: Dar Al-Wafa Publications
-    Al-Sabbagh, R. (2002). Contemporary Poetry Criticism: Research in Aesthetics. (1). Alexandria: Dar Al-Wafa Publishing
-    Abbas, E. (1978). Approaches to Contemporary Arabic Poetry. Al-Kuwat: Science Library of Al-Ma'rafa.
-    Osman, A. Sh. (2009). Instruments of artistic structures in the poem of Amal Donqol: University of Khartoum.
-    Ashiri Zayed, A. (2002). The structure of the new Arabic idiot. (4th edition). Cairo: Library of Ibn Sina.
-    Ayashi, M. (2015). Structuralism and Analysis of Texts. (1). Damascus: Dar Al-neynava.
-    Alied, Y. (1999). Text recognition: research in literary texts. Beirut: Dar-Aladab Publications.
-    Fathi, A. M. (2003). Poetry of Amal Dongol: Structural Research. (1). Jordan: Alam Al-Kotob Al-Hadith Publication.
-    Fazl Shabloul, A. (2004). Paul Dervish and Amal's Will: A Reading in Sustainable Poetry. (1). Alexandria: Dar-Alvafa Publication.
-    Qasab, V. (2009). New Methods of Literary Criticism. (2). Cairo: Dar-Alshorough Publications.
-    Kabanas, J. L. (1982). Literary criticism and humanities. (Translated by Fahad Okkam). Damascus: Dar al-Fakr Publications.
-    Allahamidani, H. (1991). Text narrative structure: from literary criticism. Beirut: al-Markaz al-Saghafi al-Arabi publication.
-    Masni Kazem, S. (2015). Structuralism of semantic and rhetorical reasoning. Beirut: Dar al-Aman publications.
-    Mohammed al-Najjar, I. (2007). Indication of mere signs in Arabic. (1). Jordan: Dar al-Dejle Publication.
-    Mahmoud Khalil, I. (2003). New literary critique from imitation to release. Oman: Dar al-Misarah Publications.
-    Maarouf, Y. (2008). Easy Arabic Divers. Tehran: Publication of Samt.
-    Hilal, A. N. (2010). Contemporary Arabic Poem: Text Breakdown and Memory Experiment. Beirut: Dar al-Alam and Al-Amman publications.
-    Hilal, A. N. (2002). Continuity and separation; the duality of the city and revolution in the poem of Amal Dongol. Cairo: Mendedi Sour Al-Azbakyat Publications.
Magazines:
-    Jaber, J. H. (1995). The literary text between structuralism and linguistics. Journal of Al-Muqaf Al-Adabi, 288.
-    Gilali, H. (2004). Contemporary critique of structuralism to grammar. Journal of al-Saudiya, 34.
-    Ezam, M. (1992). Levels of Linguistic Research. Journal of Al-Muqaf Al-Adabi, 249.
-    Al-Qazmani, R. (2007). Principles of Structuralism. Journal of Al-Muqaf Al-Adabi, 781.
-    Al-Masri, A. (1981). Structuralism, literary position. Journal of Al-Muqaf Al-Adabi, 128.
-    Mostafa, A. B. (2014). Characteristics of the Sounds Force in the City of Sibouee.  Human Resource Studies, 28(1).  
Academic Thesis:
-    Badida, R. (2011). Structuralism in the loneliness of the Belgias of the of Nizar Alqabani's poem. Thesis for Master's Degree. Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Arabic Literature Department. Other: University of Al-Hajj Lakhdar.
Enad Ahmad Ka'bha, M. (2011). Text audio analysis: case study; short chapters of the Holy Quran. Academic Thesis: University of Al-Jenah al-Vatania

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics